Today, young adults aged 18-25 are experiencing unique challenges that are reshaping how we define maturity. Neuroscience, cultural changes, and the pressures of modern life suggest that adolescence now stretches into the mid-twenties, making 25 the new 18. This article explores the reasons behind this shift and explains why psychological maturity takes longer today.
What Is Extended Adolescence?
Extended adolescence refers to the phase between teenage years and full adulthood. Historically, turning 18 marked the transition to adulthood. However, modern research has found that the brain continues developing into the mid-twenties, particularly in areas key to decision-making and emotional regulation.
Neuroscience and Brain Development
Research shows that the prefrontal cortex, along with other brain regions, doesn’t fully mature until around the age of 25. These areas are responsible for important functions like:
- Executive functioning: Skills like planning, prioritizing, and decision-making.
- Emotional regulation: The ability to control and manage emotional reactions.
- Cognitive-emotional integration: Combining logical thinking with emotions to make sound decisions.
According to neuroscientist Leah Sommerville, people aged 18-25 can perform as well as older adults on cognitive tasks. However, their emotional regulation is still developing. Emotional highs and lows can often impair decision-making abilities at this stage, highlighting the need for more time to reach full maturity.
Historical Context: Adulthood Ages Through Time
Society’s definition of adulthood has changed throughout history.
- Ancient Rome: Full maturity was recognized at 25. Until then, young men were under the guidance of legal guardians (curatores) to approve contracts and other decisions.
- Religious Milestones: Traditions like Bar Mitzvahs and Confirmations mark religious maturity around age 13.
- Modern Changes: During the mid-20th century, the U.S. lowered the legal adulthood age from 21 to 18 due to the need for soldiers during World War II.
This ongoing evolution demonstrates that the age of adulthood has always been shaped by societal needs and circumstances.
Why Is 25 the New 18?
Adolescence has extended past the teenage years due to modern pressures and environmental changes. Here’s why 25 is increasingly seen as adulthood’s true starting point:
1. Increased Emotional Demands
Young adults today face pressures that didn’t exist for previous generations, including:
- Social media pressures: The need for constant validation and online image curation.
- Higher educational commitments: Pursuing degrees often delays financial independence.
- Economic challenges: Rising housing costs and job instability make achieving milestones like buying a home or starting a family more difficult.
2. Delayed Brain Development
Since the brain continues to develop until the mid-twenties, many young adults lack the emotional tools needed to manage life’s challenges. This can lead to difficulties like:
- Building emotional resilience.
- Coping with stress and making decisions under pressure.
- Balancing personal growth with professional goals.
3. Need for Support Systems
Historically, young people had mentors to guide them until they reached true adulthood. Similar systems are still necessary today, including:
- Therapists who support emotional and psychological wellness.
- Mentors to offer career guidance and life advice.
- Family and educators who provide structure and encouragement during this transitional period.
Addressing Extended Adolescence
Recognizing that young adults aged 18-25 are still maturing can help society better support this group. Here’s how we can help:
- Reframe Expectations: Understand that this age group is continuing to develop emotionally and cognitively.
- Offer Mentorship: Connect young adults with trusted advisers, educators, or professionals for guidance.
- Normalize Challenges: Acknowledge that struggles with decision-making and navigating emotions are part of this phase.
- Promote Life Skills: Focus on teaching practical skills like stress management, emotional resilience, and financial literacy.
Conclusion
The idea that 25 is still part of the adolescent stage is backed by neuroscience and the realities of modern life. By acknowledging that adolescence extends into the mid-twenties, we can better support young adults as they transition into adulthood.